Deep Dive: How Interest Rates Affect the Stock Market — From Fed Policy to Your Portfolio
Interest rates are the single most powerful lever in financial markets. When the Federal Reserve raises or lowers its benchmark rate, the effects ripple through every corner of the economy — from corporate borrowing costs and stock valuations to mortgage payments and consumer spending. Understanding this transmission mechanism is essential for any investor trying to make sense of market movements. The relationship between interest rates and stock prices is not always straightforward. While the textbook view suggests that lower rates boost stocks and higher rates suppress them, reality is far more nuanced. Sector-specific impacts, market expectations, and the speed of rate changes all play critical roles in determining how equities respond. With the Federal Reserve having cut its benchmark rate from 4.33% to 3.64% between September 2025 and January 2026 — a 69-basis-point easing cycle — and the S&P 500 trading near 6,910, the interplay between monetary policy and stock market performance has never been more relevant for investors.