Growth Stocks vs Value Stocks — How to Compare Them and When to Buy Each
Every investor eventually faces the same fundamental question: should you buy the fast-growing company trading at a premium, or the established busine
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Learn Investing
Free educational guides on stock valuation, portfolio strategy, economics, and markets. Every article is backed by real financial data — not generic textbook summaries.
24 guides across 3 topics
Valuation & Fundamental Analysis
Master the tools professional investors use to evaluate stocks and investments.
How Stock Buybacks Affect Share Price and Earnings — Why Big Tech Spends Billions Repurchasing Its Own Shares
When Apple reported its fiscal year 2025 results, a striking figure stood out beyond the $112 billion in net income: the company spent $90.7 billion r
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How to Analyze a Company's Earnings Report — Revenue, EPS, Guidance, and What Actually Moves the Stock
Every quarter, publicly traded companies release earnings reports — comprehensive financial disclosures that reveal how much money a company made, how
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How AI Infrastructure Spending Is Reshaping Big Tech Valuations — And What It Means for Investors
The largest capital expenditure boom in corporate history is underway, and it is being driven by a single technology: artificial intelligence. In 2025
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What Is Earnings Per Share (EPS) — The Single Number That Drives Stock Prices
Of all the metrics Wall Street obsesses over, none moves stock prices quite like earnings per share. When Apple reported $2.84 diluted EPS for its fis
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How to Read a Balance Sheet — The Investor's Guide to Assets, Liabilities, and Equity
Every publicly traded company tells its financial story through three core statements: the income statement, the cash flow statement, and the balance
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What Is IRR (Internal Rate of Return) — How to Calculate and Use It for Smarter Investments
Every investment boils down to a simple question: is the money coming back worth more than the money going out? The Internal Rate of Return, or IRR, i
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Enterprise Value vs Market Cap — What Investors Get Wrong About Company Size
When investors talk about how big a company is, they almost always cite market capitalisation. Apple is a $3.9 trillion company. AT&T is a $198 billio
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Free Cash Flow Explained — Why It Matters More Than Earnings
Wall Street fixates on earnings per share. Analysts build models around net income. Headlines scream about earnings beats and misses. But the most sop
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How to Value a Stock — P/E, EV/EBITDA, DCF and the Metrics That Actually Matter
Every stock has a price, but not every stock is worth what it costs. The difference between a stock's market price and its intrinsic value is the cent
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Amazon Dethrones Walmart as the World's Largest Company by Revenue — What It Means for Investors and the Future of Retail
For decades, Walmart held an unchallenged claim to the title of the world's largest company by annual revenue. That era ended this week. Amazon's full
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Economics & Monetary Policy
Understand the macroeconomic forces that drive market cycles and asset prices.
How Tariffs Affect Stock Markets — Trade Policy, Supply Chains, and Your Portfolio
On February 20, 2026, the U.S. Supreme Court struck down President Trump's sweeping "reciprocal" tariffs in a landmark 6-3 decision, ruling that the I
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What Is Inflation and How Is It Measured — CPI, PCE, and the Numbers That Move Markets
Few economic forces affect everyday life — and financial markets — as directly as inflation. When the price of groceries, rent, and gasoline rises fas
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How Interest Rates Affect the Stock Market — From Fed Policy to Your Portfolio
Interest rates are the single most powerful lever in financial markets. When the Federal Reserve raises or lowers its benchmark rate, the effects ripp
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What Causes a Recession — The Key Economic Indicators Every Investor Should Watch
Recessions are an inevitable part of the economic cycle, yet they still catch most investors off guard. The National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER
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How Central Banks Control the Money Supply — From Interest Rates to Quantitative Easing
Central banks are the most powerful institutions in the global financial system, yet most investors only pay attention when the Federal Reserve announ
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Portfolio Strategy & Income
Build, diversify, and protect your investment portfolio for long-term growth.
How Stock Market Futures and Pre-Market Trading Work — What Early Indicators Tell Investors
Every weekday before Wall Street's opening bell, billions of dollars change hands in futures markets and pre-market trading sessions. These early indi
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Gold, Silver, and Precious Metals as Portfolio Hedges — When and Why They Outperform
Gold has surged past $5,000 per ounce for the first time in history. Silver has nearly tripled from its 52-week low. And central banks around the worl
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What Are ETFs — How Exchange-Traded Funds Work and When to Use Them
Exchange-traded funds have quietly become the single most important investment vehicle of the 21st century. In the two decades since the first broad-m
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What Are Bonds and How Do They Work — A Complete Guide for Investors
Bonds are the backbone of global financial markets, yet many investors focus almost exclusively on stocks while overlooking the roughly $130 trillion
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Portfolio Diversification and Asset Allocation — How to Spread Risk Across Stocks, Bonds, and Commodities
The S&P 500 sits near 6,910 as of late February 2026, just shy of its 52-week high. Gold has surged past $468 per ounce in ETF terms, up nearly 80% fr
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Monte Carlo Simulation — How Investors Use Probability to Manage Risk and Model Uncertainty
Every investment decision involves uncertainty. Will the S&P 500 return 10% next year or lose 20%? Will your retirement portfolio last 30 years or run
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Dividend Aristocrats — The Complete Guide to 25+ Years of Rising Dividends
In a market where growth stocks dominate headlines and meme stocks capture attention, a quiet group of S&P 500 companies has been doing something rema
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Recession-Proof Stocks and Sectors for 2026 — Where to Hide When the Economy Slows
Searches for "recession-proof stocks" have surged nearly 200,000% on Google Trends in recent weeks, and it's not hard to see why. With the Federal Res
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